Numerical Simulation and Fluid Dynamics Optimization of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ultra-High-Speed Elevators—Based on the Coordinated Perspective of Noise Reduction and Energy Consumption

Abstract

Ultra-high-speed elevators encounter severe coupling effects among aerodynamic noise, flow instability, and energy consumption during high-speed operation. To address these challenges, this study develops a three-dimensional aerodynamic simulation framework based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A hybrid Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) approach combining the k-ω SST model and Large Eddy Simulation is employed to capture transient vortex evolution, pressure fluctuations, and flow-induced acoustic characteristics. Fluid–structure interaction boundary conditions are introduced to describe pressure–deformation coupling of shaft walls. Multiobjective optimization of guide clearance, shaft wall roughness, and airflow-guiding structures is conducted through a genetic algorithm integrated with surrogate modeling. Results show that the optimized configuration reduces cabin sound pressure levels from 94.6 dB to 82.3 dB, decreases the drag coefficient from 0.148 to 0.120, and lowers energy consumption from 52.3 kJ to 44.3 kJ. The optimized flow field exhibits more uniform vortex distribution and reduced pressure pulsation. The proposed framework provides an effective methodology for aeroacoustic prediction, intelligent flow-field optimization, and complex propagation-environment modeling, offering engineering references for advanced transportation systems operating under high-speed fluid and wave propagation conditions.