Recursive Consensus Estimation for Networked Systems With Random Delays: An Edge-Based Event-Triggered Scheme

Main Article Content

Y. Xing

Abstract

This paper researches recursive consensus filtering in networked systems affected by random transmission delays under edge-based event-triggered schemes. The study introduces a dynamic edge-level triggering rule to streamline data exchange and alleviate the network’s communication burden. The information incompleteness due to delays is address by transforming the time-delayed observation system into an observation system with zero-time delay through virtualization and rearrangement of the observation sequence. Based on this, a novel consensus filter is proposed, with consensus gain parameters optimized through minimizing the upper bound of the estimation error covariance. Ultimately, this research sheds light on innovative strategies for enhancing consensus filtering in networked systems with random transmission delays.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Xing, Y. (2026). Recursive Consensus Estimation for Networked Systems With Random Delays: An Edge-Based Event-Triggered Scheme. Advanced Electromagnetics, 15(3), 9899–9910. https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v15i3.4186
Section
Research Articles

References

X. M. Zhang, Q. L. Han, and X. Yu, “Survey on recent advances in networked control systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1740–1752, 2016.

Y. Chen, Z. Wang, L. Wang, and W. Sheng, “Finite-horizon H∞state estimation for stochastic coupled networks with random inner couplings using round-robin protocol,” IEEE Trans. Cybern., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1204– 1215, 2021.

Z. Yang, L. Yu, D. Liu, and W. Zhang, “Grouped-round-robin-based state estimation for multiplex networks subject to deception attacks,” ISA Trans., vol. 169, pp. 329–341, 2025.

Y. Chen, C. Han, W. Wang, and J. Xu, “Outlier-resistant filtering for networked 2-D FMLSS systems with dead-zone-like censoring under asynchronous random delays,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., vol. 23, pp. 4797–4818, 2026.

S. Chen and D. W. C. Ho, “Edge-based sender-receiver event-triggered schemes for distributed filtering,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 2143–2155, 2023.

X. Liu, C. Han, and W. Wang, “Consensus optimal filter for linear systems over amplify-and-forward relay networks: Handling delayed and degraded channels,” IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 4076–4092, 2024.

H. Ren, Z. Cheng, J. Qin, and R. Lu, “Deception attacks on event-triggered distributed consensus estimation for nonlinear systems,” Automatica, vol. 154, p. 111100, 2023.

X. Ge, Q. L. Han, X. M. Zhang, L. Ding, and F. Yang, “Distributed event- triggered estimation over sensor networks: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Cybern., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1306–1320, 2020.

R. Caballero-Aguila, A. Hermoso-Carazo, and J. Linares-Perez, “Networked distributed fusion estimation under uncertain outputs with random transmission delays, packet losses and multi-packet processing,” Signal Process., vol. 156, pp. 71–83, 2019.

Q. Li, Z. Wang, B. Shen, H. Liu, and W. Sheng, “A resilient approach to recursive distributed filtering for multirate systems over sensor networks with time-correlated fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Signal Inf. Process. Netw., vol. 7, pp. 636–647, 2021.

X. Meng, Z. Wang, F. Wang, and Y. Chen, “Distributed fusion filtering for nonlinear time-varying systems over amplify-and-forward relay networks: A quantized framework,” IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 3597–3608, 2023.

L. Wang, Z. Wang, B. Shen, and G. Wei, “Recursive filtering with measurement fading: A multiple description coding scheme,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 66, no. 23, pp. 5144–5159, 2021.

W. Michiels, “To filter or not to filter? Impact on stability of delay-difference and neutral equations with multiple delays,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 3687–3693, 2023.

Y. Chen, Z. Wang, and Y. Liu, “Privacy-preserving pinning synchronization for time-delay complex networks: A noise injection scheme,” in Proc. 30th Int. Conf. Autom. Comput. (ICAC), Loughborough, United Kingdom, pp. 1–6, 2025.

M. S. Aslam, H. Bilal, W. J. Chang, N. Kumar, I. A. Khan, and A. V. Vasilakos, “Delayed filtering of Markov jump fuzzy systems in consumer electronics: Input-output analysis,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 7002–7013, 2025.

J. Hu, C. Wang, R. Caballero-Aguila, and H. Liu, “Distributed optimal fusion filtering for singular systems with random transmission delays and packet dropout compensations,” Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., vol. 119, p. 107093, 2023.

X. M. Zhang, Q. L. Han, and X. Ge, “A novel approach to performance analysis of discrete-time networked systems subject to network-induced delays and malicious packet dropouts,” Automatica, vol. 136, p. 110010, 2022.

Y. Pan, Y. Wu, and H. K. Lam, “Security-based fuzzy control for nonlinear networked control systems with DoS attacks via a resilient event-triggered scheme,” IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 30, no. 20, pp. 4359–4368, 2022.

X. Ge, Q. L. Han, and Z. Wang, “A dynamic event-triggered transmission scheme for distributed set-membership estimation over wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Cybern., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 171–183, 2019.

D. Ding, Z. Wang, and Q. L. Han, “A set-membership approach to event-triggered filtering for general nonlinear systems over sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1792–1799, 2020.

Z. Li, Y. Liu, X. Hu, and W. Dai, “Event-triggered optimal Kalman consensus filter with upper bound of error covariance,” Signal Process., vol. 188, p. 108175, 2021.

C. Nowzari, E. Garcia, and J. Cortes, “Event-triggered communication and control of networked systems for multi-agent consensus,” Automatica, vol. 105, pp. 1–27, 2019.

Q. Li, Z. Wang, J. Hu, and W. Sheng, “Distributed state and fault estimation over sensor networks with probabilistic quantizations: The dynamic event-triggered case,” Automatica, vol. 131, p. 109784, 2021.

L. Xu, Y. Mo, and L. Xie, “Remote state estimation with stochastic event-triggered sensor schedule and packet drops,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 65, no. 23, pp. 4981–4988, 2020.

S. Guo and X. Meng, “Fully distributed control of multiagent networks with edge-based event-triggered communication,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 68, no. 15, pp. 5630–5637, 2023.

H. Zhao, X. Meng, and S. Wu, “Distributed edge-based event-triggered coordination control for multi-agent systems,” Automatica, vol. 132, p. 109797, 2021.