Deformation Mechanism of Multi-field Coupling for Dewatering-Support of Deep Foundation Pits in Urban Dense Building Clusters and Environmental Risk Prevention and Control Methods
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Abstract
With rapid urbanization, deep foundation pit construction within urban dense building clusters faces prominent challenges of multi-field coupling deformation and severe environmental risks. Aiming at the insufficient research on seepage-stress-structure coupling under dewatering-support interaction and the lack of refined full-process risk prevention systems, this study takes the coupling deformation mechanism of dewatering-support systems in dense building areas as the core research object. The seepage-stress-structure multi-field coupling mechanism triggered by dewatering-support interaction is systematically revealed, and five key controlling factors of pit deformation are quantitatively identified. A refined 3D finite element numerical model fully considering the spatial constraint effect of dense surrounding buildings and isolation protection piles is established to characterize the whole-process deformation laws of foundation pits and adjacent structures. Furthermore, an integrated full-process environmental risk prevention and control system covering “optimized design–real-time intelligent monitoring–graded emergency repair” is proposed and validated via a practical urban deep excavation project. The results show that the lateral deformation curve of the retaining support structure presents a typical “bow” distribution, with a maximum lateral displacement of 27.8 mm at the mid-lower section of the wall. The surface settlement trough induced by pit excavation extends horizontally to approximately 2.5 times the excavation depth of the foundation pit. Adjacent dense buildings significantly restrict the lateral expansion of the settlement trough and lead to localized concentration of soil settlement near building foundations. The field monitoring data of the engineering case agree well with numerical simulation outputs, with relative errors controlled within 15%, which verifies the rationality of the proposed multi-field coupling deformation mechanism and the engineering effectiveness of the integrated risk prevention and control system. This research provides theoretical basis and technical support for the safe construction of deep foundation pits in densely built urban areas.
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