A Novel Octagonal-Shaped UWB Patch Antenna for V2X, WIMAX, WLAN and Wi-Fi 6 /Wi-Fi 6E communications
Main Article Content
Abstract
A novel octagonal-shaped ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip antenna is proposed for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications based on Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC/IEEE 802.11p at 5.9 GHz) and for multi-standard wireless systems. The antenna operates from 4.2 to 8.9 GHz, providing a 4.7 GHz impedance bandwidth for S11∣≤−10 dB. This wideband response simultaneously covers WiMAX, WLAN IEEE 802.11ac/n (5.2 and 5.8 GHz), Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E, and 5G sub-6 GHz applications. The simulated realized gain varies from 2.46 dBi to 5.15 dBi over the operating band. A prototype is fabricated and characterized using a 3656D vector network analyzer. The measured resonances at 4.22, 6.04, and 8.04 GHz closely match the simulated ones at 4.2, 5.84, and 8.01 GHz, with a maximum frequency deviation below 3.5%. The measured reflection minima (−13.30, −20.20, and −14.18 dB) differ by less than 4 dB from the simulated values (−14.23, −19.23, and −17.78 dB), and the measured operating bandwidth (4.2–8.9 GHz) is consistent with the simulated 4.2–8.71 GHz range. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed compact antenna for integrated UWB V2X/DSRC front-ends and emerging 5G/Wi-Fi 6/6E systems.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
P. K. Singh, S. K. Nandi, and S. Nandi, “A tutorial survey on vehicular communication state of the art, and future research directions,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 18, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.100164.
F. Ez-Zaki et al., “Double Negative (DNG) Metamaterial-Based Koch Fractal MIMO Antenna Design for Sub-6-GHz V2X Communication,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 77620–77635, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3296599.
C. L. Mak, H. Wong, and K. M. Luk, “High-gain and wide-band single-layer patch antenna for wireless communications,” IEEE Trans Veh Technol, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 33–40, Jan. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2004.838899.
S. Lakrit, S. Das, A. El Alami, D. Barad, and S. Mohapatra, “A compact UWB monopole patch antenna with reconfigurable Band-notched characteristics for Wi-MAX and WLAN applications,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 105, pp. 106–115, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.04.001.
A. Ruengwaree, A. Ghose, and G. Kompa, “A novel UWB rugby-ball antenna for near-range microwave radar system,” IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2774–2778, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2006.874892.
A. E. C. Tan and M. Y. W. Chia, “Measuring human body impulse response using UWB radar,” Electron Lett, vol. 41, no. 21, pp. 1193–1194, Oct. 2005, doi: 10.1049/el:20052417.
Z. Ma and Y. Jiang, “High-density 3d printable chipless rfid tag with structure of passive slot rings,” Jun. 01, 2019, MDPI AG. doi: 10.3390/s19112535.
R. Xu, Y. Jin, and C. Nguyen, “Power-efficient switching-based CMOS UWB transmitters for UWB communications and radar systems,” IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 3271–3277, Aug. 2006, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2006.877830.
C. Sharma and A. Sharma, “A Review Paper based on Various Bandwidth Enhancements Techniques for Ultra-Wide Band Antennas,” 2016. [Online]. Available: www.ijste.org
S. M. Haque and H. Alam, “Further slot antenna miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement,” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 29, no. 7, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1002/mmce.21732.
R. Azadegan and K. Sarabandi, “A novel approach for miniaturization of slot antennas,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 421–429, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2003.809853.
Z. N. Low, J. H. Cheong, and C. L. Law, “Low-cost PCB antenna for UWB applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 237–239, 2005, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2005.852577.
R. Azadegan and K. Sarabandi, “Bandwidth enhancement of miniaturized slot antennas using folded, complementary, and self-complementary realizations,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 2435–2444, Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2007.904086.
M. Gopikrishna, D. D. Krishna, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, “Compact linear tapered slot antenna for UWB applications,” Electron Lett, vol. 44, no. 20, pp. 1174–1176, 2008, doi: 10.1049/el:20082269.
S. Sadat, M. Fardis, F. Geran, G. Dadashzadeh, N. Hojjat, and M. Roshandel, “A Compact Microstrip Square-Ring Slot Antenna for UWB Applications.”
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Peru Section and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE XXIV International Congress on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON) : Cusco, Peru, 15-18 August 2017.
F. Ez-Zaki, H. Belahrach, and A. Ghammaz, “Broadband microstrip antennas with Cantor set fractal slots for vehicular communications,” Int J Microw Wirel Technol, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 295–308, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1017/S1759078720000719.
A. Pal and V. S. Tripathi, “Quad-element MIMO antenna with diverse radiation pattern characteristics and enhanced gain for 5.9 GHz V2X communications,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 176, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155119.
K. Aliqab, A. Armghan, M. Alsharari, and M. H. Aly, “Highly decoupled and high gain conformal two-port MIMO antenna for V2X communications,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 74, pp. 599–610, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.05.058.
M. R. Jadhav and U. L. Bombale, “Design of F-Shaped Parasitic MIMO Antenna with DGS for Vehicle-to-Everything Communication,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 109, pp. 41–56, 2024, doi: 10.2528/PIERB24070604.
Y. B. Kim and H. L. Lee, “Compact planar phased array antenna for extended V2X communication coverage,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 94, pp. 226–234, May 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2024.03.054.
S. Rajpoot, G. S. Baghel, and M. V. Swati, “Design of a compact, wideband, Diagonal Square Fractal MIMO antenna for vehicular communication,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 202, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2025.156023.
C. A. Balanis, ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN THIRD EDITION. [Online]. Available: www.copyright.com.
K. L. Wong, Y. H. Hsu, C. Y. Lee, and W. Y. Li, “Wideband 4-Port Patch Antenna Module Based Compact 8-Port Two-Module Antenna for 6G Upper Mid-Band 8 × 4 Device MIMO With Enhanced Spectral Efficiency,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 88976–88991, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3419549.
H. Abbaoui, A. Ghammaz, H. Belahrach, and R.-J. El Bakouchi, “Design and simulation of a low return loss UWB CPW-fed patch antenna for mobile wireless communications,” ITM Web of Conferences, vol. 52, p. 03007, 2023, doi: 10.1051/itmconf/20235203007.
D. Lopez-Perez, A. Garcia-Rodriguez, L. Galati-Giordano, M. Kasslin, and K. Doppler, “IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput: The Next Generation of Wi-Fi Technology beyond 802.11ax,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 57, no. 9, 2019, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.001.1900338.
J. Ali et al., “Cantor fractal-based printed slot antenna for dual-band wireless applications,” Int J Microw Wirel Technol, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 263–270, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1017/S1759078714001469.
T. Ali, M. Saadh Aw, and R. C. Biradar, “A Compact Bandwidth Enhanced Antenna Loaded with SRR For WLAN/WiMAX/Satellite Applications,” 2018.
A. Desai, “Flexible CPW fed transparent antenna for WLAN and sub-6 GHz 5G applications,” no. August 2019, pp. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.1002/mop.32287.
S. K. Noor et al., “A Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth for Sub-6 GHz and Sub-7 GHz 5G Wireless Applications,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 12, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3390/electronics12122555.
I. Rosaline, P. Shastry, R. Venkatesan, and I. Tamilarasan, “Design and optimization of a miniaturized dual band rectenna for wireless power transfer applications,” Results in Engineering, vol. 22, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102199.
T. Olawoye and P. Kumar, “A High Gain Antenna with DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications.”
Y.-Z. Hu, B.-J. Hu, and H.-L. Zhang, “A New Compact Dual-Band CP Antenna for GPS and DSRC Applications.”
S. Rana, N. Khurshid, S. K. Joy, S. I. Sourav, J. Hassan, and J. Nazmul, “A 3.5 GHz microstrip patch antenna design and analysis for wireless applications,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 828–837, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i2.pp828-837.