Integrating Low-Altitude Takeoff and Landing Infrastructure into Smart City Systems
Main Article Content
Abstract
Low-altitude mobility is expanding from pilot services to urban-scale deployment, but its physical infrastructure is still planned outside many city data and operations systems. This paper develops and tests an integrated method for embedding takeoff and landing infrastructure into smart city infrastructure. The method combines dynamic UAV acquisition, BIM-based semantic modelling, hierarchical facility coding, a unified BIM/CIM data foundation and multi-agent simulation. It classifies takeoff and landing infrastructure into four functional levels and eight facility types, and maps facility codes to GB/T 51269-2017 and IFC entities to support cross-system data exchange. The method was evaluated in Hefei Luogang Urban Park and Wuhu Wanzhi Low-Altitude Economy Industrial Park, covering 16 takeoff and landing facilities and 64 related urban elements. In the integrated scheme, the mean transfer distance between landing facilities and transport hubs decreased by about 35%, cross-department work-order processing time decreased by 60.7%, and the Comprehensive Synergy Index increased from 0.78 to 0.85. These results indicate that BIM/CIM-centred integration can improve spatial coordination, data sharing and operational management for low-altitude urban infrastructure. Further validation is still needed under real wind conditions and in larger metropolitan settings.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
A. Kasliwal et al., “Role of flying cars in sustainable mobility,” Nat. Commun., vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 1555, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09426-0.
A. Straubinger, R. Rothfeld, M. Shamiyeh, K. D. Buchter, K. O. Kaiser, and M. Hornung, “An overview of current research and developments in urban air mobility: Setting the scene for UAM introduction,” J. Air Transp. Manage., vol. 87, Art. no. 101852, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020. 101852.
A. P. Cohen, S. A. Shaheen, and E. M. Farrar, “Urban air mobility: History, ecosystem, market potential, and challenges,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 6074–6087, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3082 767.
L. A. Garrow, B. J. German, and C. E. Leonard, “Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research,” Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol., vol. 132, Art. no. 103377, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377.
K. Schweiger and L. Preis, “Urban air mobility: Systematic review of scientific publications and regulations for vertiport design and operations,” Drones, vol. 6, no. 7, Art. no. 179, 2022, doi: 10.3390/drones6070179.
L. Preis and M. Hornung, “A vertiport design heuristic to ensure efficient ground operations for urban air mobility,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 14, Art. no. 7260, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12147260.
R. Volk, J. Stengel, and F. Schultmann, “Building information modeling (BIM) for existing buildings: Literature review and future needs,” Autom. Constr., vol. 38, pp. 109–127, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.023.
C. Boje, A. Guerriero, S. Kubicki, and Y. Rezgui, “Towards a semantic construction digital twin: Directions for future research,” Autom. Constr., vol. 114, Art. no. 103179, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103179.
A. Fuller, Z. Fan, C. Day, and C. Barlow, “Digital twin: Enabling technologies, challenges and open research,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 108952– 108971, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2998358.
G. Groger and L. Plumer, “CityGML: Interoperable semantic 3D city models,” ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 71, pp. 12–33, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.04.004.
F. Leite, A. Akcamete, B. Akinci, G. Atasoy, and S. Kiziltas, “Analysis of modeling effort and impact of different levels of detail in building information models,” Autom. Constr., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 601–609, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.027.
H. Wang, Y. Pan, and X. Luo, “Integration of BIM and GIS in sustainable built environment: A review and bibliometric analysis,” Autom. Constr., vol. 103, pp. 41–52, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.005.
D. Shkundalov and T. Vilutiene, “Bibliometric analysis of Building Information Modeling, Geographic Information Systems and Web environment integration,” Autom. Constr., vol. 128, Art. no. 103757, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103757.
R. Volk, T. H. Luu, J. S. Mueller-Roemer, N. Sevilmis, and F. Schultmann, “Deconstruction project planning of existing buildings based on automated acquisition and reconstruction of building information,” Autom. Constr., vol. 91, pp. 226–245, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.03.017.
T. Xia, J. Yang, and L. Chen, “Automated semantic segmentation of bridge point cloud based on local descriptor and machine learning,” Autom. Constr., vol. 133, Art. no. 103992, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103992.
X. Yang, L. Deng, and P. Wei, “Multi-agent autonomous on-demand free flight operations in urban air mobility,” in Proc. AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum, Dallas, TX, USA, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.2514/6.2019-3520.
Q. Zhou and G. Liu, “UAV path planning based on the combination of A-star algorithm and RRT-star algorithm,” in Proc. 2022 IEEE Int. Conf. Unmanned Syst. (ICUS), Guangzhou, China, Oct. 2022, pp. 146–151, doi: 10.1109/ICUS55513.2022.9986703.
GB/T 51269-2017, Standard for Classification and Coding of Building Information Modelling. Beijing, China: China Architecture and Building Press, 2017. [in Chinese].
CH/Z 3005-2010, Specifications for Low-Altitude Digital Aerial Photography. Beijing, China: National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, 2010. [in Chinese].
Y. Deng, J. C. P. Cheng, and C. Anumba, “Mapping between BIM and 3D GIS in different levels of detail using schema mediation and instance comparison,” Autom. Constr., vol. 67, pp. 1–21, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.autc on.2016.03.006.