Fast Frequency Regulation Method of PV System Based on Feedforward of VPPT Reference Value
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Abstract
High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation reduces the frequency regulation margin of power systems because inverter-based resources contribute little inherent inertia. Conventional active power reserve (APR) schemes can provide droop-based primary frequency support, but the typical 0.6–3s power-tracking delay makes them unable to deliver timely inertial power to arrest fast frequency ramps. Since PV converters can change power on the millisecond (ms) scale, the dominant limitation is the power-tracking algorithm. This paper proposes a fast frequency regulation method based on feedforward updates of the power-tracking reference: the variable power point tracking (VPPT) algorithm handles slow frequency deviations, while a feedforward branch responds to rapid fluctuations to provide inertia support. A frequency response model is developed to examine impacts on both common-mode and differential-mode frequency components. Compared with conventional VPPT-based regulation, simulations show that the proposed controller reduces peak RoCoF and maximum frequency deviation and attenuates frequency differential-mode components.
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