Key Performance Regulation of Perfluorohexanone Microcapsules for Active Fire Suppression of Electrical Equipment
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Abstract
Polyurethane-based core-shell microcapsules loaded with perfluorohexanone were fabricated via interfacial polymerization in this paper. Four core regulation indicators were defined targeting the operating conditions of electrical equipment: encapsulation efficiency, thermal triggering temperature, long-term storage stability at room temperature, as well as insulation and fire extinguishing performance. Four types of process variables were systematically adjusted in contrast experiments, namely the mass ratio of shell monomers, core-shell mass feeding ratio, emulsification stirring speed and doping dosage of nano-silica. Multiple characterization methods including gas chromatography (GC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), withstand voltage insulation tester and simulated electrical cabin fire platform were adopted to establish quantitative correlations between process parameters and key performances of microcapsules. Test results show that optimal comprehensive performance is achieved when the mass ratio of isocyanate to diethylenetriamine is 2.2:1, core-shell feeding ratio is 1:3.5, stirring speed is 1200 r/min and SiO2 doping content is 3 wt%. Under this condition, the encapsulation efficiency reaches 83.7%, the rupture triggering temperature stabilizes within 110–115 °C, the core material retention rate hits 87.2% after 60 days of storage at ambient temperature. In simulated switch cabinet fire tests, the fire suppressant can be released within 0.6 s and flames are completely extinguished in 7 s. The insulation resistance maintains at the level of 1013 Ωwithout corrosion on circuit boards and metal conductive components.
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