Wind-storage Synergistic Rapid Frequency Response Technology Incorporating Frequency Security Characteristics
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Abstract
Under the framework of dual-carbon goals, renewable-generation capacity in the power grid continues to increase, while the share of conventional synchronous units declines, reducing system rotational inertia and weakening frequency security. This study first evaluates inertia demand based on frequency-stability requirements and then analyzes the synthetic inertia capability of wind turbines and battery energy storage. An integrated frequency-response model incorporating virtual inertia from combined wind-storage systems is developed, and an energy-storage capacity allocation method is proposed considering wind speed, system frequency-security metrics (ROCOF, ∆fmax, ∆fss), and wind-turbine operating constraints such as rotational-speed safety and power limits. Simulation results show that at low wind speeds, where turbines lack frequency-regulation capability, energy storage effectively raises the minimum frequency point and reduces ROCOF. At rated wind speed, combined wind-storage regulation significantly reduces ROCOF compared with standalone turbine regulation, with a simulated reduction of 39.9%, raises the lower frequency limit, and minimizes steady-state frequency deviation. The study provides a wind-storage integrated rapid frequency-response technology for improving electromagnetic transient stability in high-renewable power systems.
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