Real-Time Monitoring Technology for Transformer Pressure Relief Valve Actuation Pressure Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing
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Abstract
Pressure relief valves on oil-immersed transformers and on-load tap changers normally provide only a mechanical indication or contact signal after operation, leaving the preceding pressure evolution unobserved. This paper proposes a real-time method for monitoring valve actuation pressure with fiber Bragg grating sensing. A metal elastic diaphragm converts valve-chamber pressure into axial strain, while a pressure-sensitive grating and a temperature-reference grating form a differential sensing unit. Dual-wavelength decoupling is used to suppress temperature cross-sensitivity. An online system comprising a broadband source, wavelength-division multiplexing path, FBG interrogator, edge-computing module, and condition-assessment interface is then developed. Baseline tracking, outlier suppression, pressure-rate calculation, persistence assessment, and graded warning are incorporated into the processing chain. Because the supplied project documents contain no field measurement sequences, the numerical results are obtained from a diaphragm mechanics model and deterministic disturbance sequences under explicitly stated parameters. Over the design range of 0-100 kPa, the modeled pressure sensitivity is 18.0 pm/kPa and the maximum static fitting deviation is 4 pm. After dual-FBG compensation, the equivalent pressure residual does not exceed 0.7 kPa from -20 to 100 degrees C, and a simulated valve actuation event is identified within 50 ms. The proposed framework supports a transition from post-event indication to pre-actuation trend awareness and traceable recording throughout the valve event.
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